Cold Agglutinin Disease

A jaunt through history

1200s

Johannes Actuarius, Constantinople court physician, publishes De Urinis, which notes: "Yea indeed an extremely black urine... signifies extreme chilliness."

  • (syphilis causes paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria, so used to be much more common)
  • (but watch out for a resurgence - syphilis cases went up 80%, to 207,000 in 2022)
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